1.School of Information Science and Engineering, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 
2.State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 
3.National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, 
4.Department of Mathematics, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA

Joint source-channel coding/decoding (JSCC/JSCD) techniques in flow media communications have become a state-of-the-art and one of the challenging research subjects in the spatial communication area. They have great application prospective and deep impact in various manned space flights, satellite missions, mobile radio communications and deep-space explorations. In the last few years, there have been influential achievements in JSCC/JSCD studies. This paper aims at an introduction to the basic principles of joint source-channel optimal design. A general summarization and classification for various existing JSCC/JSCD methods is addressed. Also presented is a JSCD scheme based on variable-length coding, capable of providing reliable resolutions for flow media data transmission in spatial communications.

This work was supported by the National High-Tech Research & Development Program of China (Grant No. 2007AA01Z297), the National “Eleventh Five-year” Project of China (Grant No. 1320061262), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60773137, 60972067).